Ada satu kebanggaan luar biasa bagi bangsa ini, dan terutama bagi alumni ITS, ketika media meliput Gesits, motor listrik asli produksi Indonesia. Dan asli produksi ITS! Di balik keunikan, kecangggihan, dan juga kenyamanannya, Gesits juga diklaim sebagai kendaraan nir emisi, benarkah?
Sebagai motor listrik memang Gesits tidak beremisi. Tidak ada pembakaran bahan bakar fosil di motor ini. Tak ada knalpotnya juga! Tapi Gesits bukannya tanpa emisi sama sekali. Yang kemudian dihitung sebagai jejak karbon adalah pembangkitan listrik di sistem jaringan PLN yang dipakai untuk mengisi daya (charge) sepeda motor listrik ini.
Gesits menurut spesifikasinya bisa jalan maksimum 100 km. Asumsi Gesits digeber 1 jam kecepatan 100 km/jam maka energi yang dibutuhkan 5 kWh.
Di pembangkitan Jawa-Madura-Bali, faktor emisinya sekitar 0,862 kg CO2/ kWh. Dengan memperhitungkan faktor losses atau kehilangan energi sebesar 20% pada saat charging, untuk 100 km Gesits akan memiliki jejak karbon 5,172 kg CO2.
Bagaimana dengan motor biasa? Klaim Gesits yang setara dengan motor 125 cc, bila dibandingkan adalah emisi pembakaran BBM nya sekitar 0,085 kgCO2/km. Atau kalau untuk 100 km emisinya bakalan sekitar 8,5 kg CO2 dengan bahan bakar bensin.
Maka untuk jarak tempuh yang sama 100 km, Gesits dibandingkan motor biasa adalah 5,172 kg CO2 dibanding 8,5 kg CO2. Artinya Gesits lebih rendah emisi karbonnya dan lebih ramah lingkungan!
Tapi itu kalau Gesits di-charge di jaringan listrik PLN di Jawa-Madura-Bali! Emisi jaringan listrik PLN berbeda-beda di setiap daerah tergantung dari jenis pembangkit dan jumlah pembangkitan listrik per tahun. Sebagai contoh, Gesits akan lebih tinggi emisinya dibanding dengan motor biasa kalau diisi dayanya di Bau-Bau yang faktor emisinya 1,6 kgCO2/kWh.
Untuk jarak 100 km yang sama jejak karbon Gesits di Bau-Bau bakalan 9,72 kg CO2. Ini lebih tinggi dari motor konvensional!
Bagaimana cara mengurangi jejak karbonnya? Tentu saja agar semakin ramah lingkungan, Gesits sebaiknya diisi daya menggunakan sumber energi bersih pula. Dengan charge station menggunakan PV atau panel surya, atau listrik tenaga air, atau energi terbarukan lain, maka jejak karbon Gesits benar-benar bisa nol!
Nir emisi …
Apakah itu bisa? Tentu saja bisa! Sepeda motor listrik dan mobil listrik atau apa pun jenis electronic vehicle-nya, akan benar-benar bersih kalau charging station-nya juga menggunakan energi terbarukan. Jadi bukannya memindahkan emisi dari jalanan ke pembangkit listrik, tapi ini adalah pengurangan emisi secara menyeluruh!
Oleh : Dicky Edwin Hindarto
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